Civilisation has once again become a key term of international affairs. China, India and Turkey are among those that have invoked the idea of the civilisational state to proclaim they hold the values required for 21st-century internationalism, and its leadership.
The United States-China rivalry and the expansion of the Brics (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) grouping also speak of an emerging East-West divide, one that is, in large part, cast in civilisational terms. Civilisation is now becoming a key marker of difference at a time of increasing geoeconomic competition and political tension.
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